Data extracted from external sources such as theirstack.com and may only be approximately correct. The analysis covers five key categories of the modern data stack: data warehouses (e.g., Snowflake, BigQuery), business intelligence tools (e.g., Looker, Tableau), data transformation (e.g., dbt, Dataform), data ingestion (e.g., Fivetran, Airbyte), and data catalogs (e.g., Atlan, Alation). Numbers are aggregated across company segments from startups to enterprises and should be used as general indicators of tool adoption rather than exact figures.